Death in William Shakespeare’s Hamlet Essay - 950 Words

â€Å"So shall you hear of carnal, bloody, and unnatural acts, of accidental judgments, casual slaughters, of deaths put on by cunning and forced cause,† (Hamlet, Act V, Scene 2, Lines 381-384). So says Horatio, best friend of Prince Hamlet in the final few lines of the play. He speaks these words after the deaths of Hamlet, Claudius, King of Denmark, Gertrude, Queen of Denmark, and Laertes, son of Polonius. Also dead are Hamlet, King of Denmark, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, former friends of Hamlet, Polonius, councilor to the King, and Ophelia, daughter of Polonius. Death is an extremely prevalent theme in William Shakespeare’s Hamlet. However, each death is unique in circumstances, causes, and effects. Three important deaths in Hamlet were†¦show more content†¦Hamlet had not realised that his father had been murdered. The ghost goes on to say, â€Å"The serpent that did sting thy father’s life now wears his crown,† (Hamlet, Act I, Scene 5, Line s 38-39). It is at this point that Hamlet realises that his father’s murderer was his uncle, Claudius. Hamlet swears to have revenge. This sets up the circumstances that cause the remainder of the action in the play. One of the most interesting deaths in Hamlet is the death of Ophelia. Ophelia was the daughter of Polonius, councilor to the king. However, she was also Prince Hamlet’s girlfriend. She died by drowning in a river. It is most likely that she committed suicide, though there was never any evidence to that effect, and it is impossible to say for sure. The chain of events leading to her death came from two different directions. One cause of her apparent suicide could have been Hamlet’s madness. They had been lovers, but during the time prior to her death he became very cold toward her and bordered on insanity. In one brief soliloquy she says the following: And I, of ladies most deject and wretched, That sucked the honey of his musicked vows, Now see that noble and most sovereign reason Like sweet bells jangled, out of time and harsh, That unmatched form and feature of blown youth Blasted with ecstasy. O, woe is me T’ have seen what I have seen, see what I see! Hamlet, Act III, Scene 1, Lines 158-164 She is lamenting the factShow MoreRelatedThe Death Penalty In William Shakespeares Hamlet And Claudius958 Words   |  4 PagesIn William Shakespeare’s, Hamlet, King Hamlet was pierced to execution, by his own brother, Claudius. Hamlet had never really thought about killing Claudius, until Claudius had murdered Hamlet’s father, just to become the new King of Denmark. Hamlet had several opportunities to kill Claudius but never did. He was immensely sane, and never wanted to kill anyone because that was not the person he was. Hamlet had many outrageous opportunities to pierce Claudius to death, but he believed that it wasRead MoreEssay about The Theme of Death in William Shakespeares Hamlet944 Words   |  4 PagesTheme of Death in William Shakespeares Hamlet In the play Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, the protagonist, Hamlet is obsessed with the idea of death, and during the course of the play he contemplates death from numerous perspectives. He ponders the physical aspects of death, as seen with Yorickss skull, his fathers ghost, as well as the dead bodies in the cemetery. Hamlet also contemplates the spiritual aspects of the afterlife with his various soliloquies. Emotionally Hamlet is attachedRead MoreAn Analysis of Queen Gertrudes Position in King Hamlets Death in William Shakespeares Hamlet1056 Words   |  5 PagesAn Analysis of Queen Gertrudes Position in King Hamlets Death in William Shakespeares Hamlet Usually in a playwright, one of the authors objectives is to keep the viewer or reader confused or disconcerted about certain events in the plot. Certain characters in a play or story that have concocted covert schemes to perhaps murder or frame somebody, may have confusing effects on the viewer. Depending on the way the plan was developed in the plot the viewer may have to stop and ask themselves;Read MoreAn Analysis of Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman and William Shakespeares Hamlet2064 Words   |  8 Pagesbody can. In the play Death of a Salesman, main character Willy Loman is a man past his prime. He has been a salesman all his adult life and yet he has never been successful, despite his bravado. Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman is about a sad salesman named Willy Loman who has spent his entire adult life working in sales, hoping to makes something of his life with little success, but always believing and affirming that a man who is well-liked is always successful. Death of a Salesman has whatRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare: A Legendary Author Essay896 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s intellectual use of the English language is what brought him prosperity throughout his lifetime, and what brings us to tears and laughter in the modern world. The life of Shakespeare is of great importance to English literature because of his many contributions including poetry, stories, and plays. However, many people do not know that he also owned a business. â€Å"William Shakespeare was a professional actor, a businessman, and a playwright. Today, nearly four hundred yearsRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare Influences882 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare is best known as England’s National Poet and also known as the â€Å"Bard of Avon.† He is credited for writing 38 plays, 154 sonnets, and other poems. Throughout Shakespeare’s career, his purpose of writing evolved over time. Shakespeare drew inspiration for his works through various authors, the death of his son, and the exploration of the meaning of life towards the end of his career. These life experiences shaped some of the greatest pieces of literature written in the English RenaissanceRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare Essay1453 Words   |  6 PagesHamlet by William Shakespeare explores many aspects of mankind--death, betrayal, love, and mourning. Out of these, the most prominent theme in this play is death in the form of suicide. The main character, Hamlet, finds himself questioning the quality of life and the uncertainty of the afterlife once he discovers news of his father s death and the corruption in the kingdom that follows. Ophelia, Hamlet’s lover, is found dead later in the plot and is presumed to have committed suicide. In Hamlet’sRead MoreRevenge in Hamlet1070 Words   |  5 PagesAmongst the most tragic story lines of Shakespeare’s plays, Hamlet is definitely one of them. In William Shakespeare’s play Hamlet, Fortinbras, Hamlet and Laertes each demonstrate the ways revenge leads to tragedy when they are unable to cope with the loss of a loved one. Young Fortinbras has intentions of honoring his father’s loss by gaining the territory that was rightfully theirs. The lengths he is willing to go compare to Hamlet’s determination to seek revenge upon his uncle, and father’s murdererRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet - Longing For Revenge1304 Words   |  6 Pagesfor Revenge William Shakespeare was born in England in April of 1564 and was an English poet and playwright . Shakespeare is universally known as the greatest writer in the English language. Shakespeare frequently produced tragedies that are continuously acted out today, along with many plays and sonnets.. Although Shakespeare is seen today as a great writer who changed the world, his reputation did not rise to these heights until around the 19th century. In all of Shakespeare’s astounding playsRead MoreTaking a Look at Shakespeares Imagery Essay1012 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeare’s writings have touched many lives, both in the Elizabethan era and in today’s modern society. He has so many famous writings and plays that there are too many to talk about. He put a lot of time, heart, and effort into all of his writings. Three of his most famous major works are Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth, and Hamlet. They are timeless and classics. It is even a question as to why they have lasted to this day. It is most likely because of Shakespeare’s popularity, imagery, and

The Attorney For The Damned - 1629 Words

On August 22, 1924 the famous orator Clarence Darrow, dubbed â€Å"the attorney for the damned.† begins his 12 hour-long closing arguments, for the most covered news story since World War I. Darrow mixes ethos and logos appeals, bringing tears to the eyes of the judge and many in the courtroom, to serve justice by saving his clients, Leopold and Loeb from the death penalty. Darrow implores the Judge to spare the lives of Leopold and Loeb. As Darrow said, â€Å"I am pleading for life†¦I am pleading that we overcome cruelty with kindness and hatred with love.† (Placeholder1; Linder) Three months prior on Wednesday, May 22, 1924; two college boys ignite one of the most stunning Mass Media events of the Twentieth Century. Nathan â€Å"Babe Leopold born to wealthy immigrant Jewish-Germans is a 19-year-old, child prodigy with an intelligence score of 210. He has already completed an undergraduate degree at the University of Chicago with Phi Beta Kappa honors and plans to begin studies at Harvard Law School upon returning from a family trip to Europe. (Placeholder1; Linder) Richard â€Å"Dickie† Loeb an 18-year-old whose father is a Jewish lawyer and also the Vice-president of the Sears and Roebucks Company, his mother is Catholic. Loeb skipped several grades in school. He holds the distinction of being University of Michigan s youngest graduate at the age of 17. Loeb described as â€Å"unmotivated†, â€Å"lazy† and â€Å"obsessed with crime† and spends most of his time reading crime novels, a popularShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Clare nce Darrow And Henry Millers Inherit The Wind951 Words   |  4 PagesHave you ever heard of the â€Å"Attorney for the Damned?† Both Clarence Darrow and Henry Drummond were set to win impossible cases. 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Internal Innovation Climate and Strategic - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Internal Innovation Climate and Strategic Relationships. Answer: Introduction In recent time Information technology as well as Information systems are playing a significant role in business. It helps the business in developing products and services, which help a company to gain competitive advantages over other company. The competitive advantage obtained by the organisation helps in gaining a competitive advantage in the field of global market. Information system of various strategies are been formulated for obtaining the competitive position and high advantages for organisation. Information technology or Information Science is quite effective for establishing and sharing knowledge within the system of management (Shapiro and Varian 2013). This might affect the organisational philosophy. The other reasons for using Information technology within the business are for reducing the costs and at the same time achieving high quality level of tasks. Technologies also help in improving the process of decision making within the company. In this paper we are going to present a report on considering a company Apple and how it gained the competitive advantage over other company. We are also considering an example of a company who was unsuccessful in gaining competitive advantage by implementing. We will also discuss about the internal and external factors that determines the competitive advantage and how to sustain the competitive advantage which is achieved through the use of IT. Company Gaining Competitive Advantages by Implementing IT The company taken for example is Apple. The phenomenal growth of Apple by using Information technology in a strategically way has shown that how company can gain competitive advantage by using IT. The three strategies that are followed by Apple for gaining competitive advantages are as follows: Differentiated Model of Business: The products have increasingly became commoditized as well as undifferentiated. Information technology has already created the opportunities for cost re-engineering as well as a competitive position has been created (Purkayastha and Sharma 2016). This position could not be competing by legacy carriers. Differentiation through Uniqueness: The reputed organisation achieved the competitive advantages by testing as well as proving the viability of the product. Profitability is also been computed by using Information Technology. The chip manufacturers are been owned by Apple and controlling the manufacturing as well as operating of chips with the help of Information Technology has helped the company in gaining competitive advantages (Culen and Kriger 2014). Differentiation through Strategic Intent: This differentiation makes the organisation to face some difficult challenges. If the company succeed in overcoming those challenges then they will surely achieve the miracle. Apple has done it in past and is also doing in present by applying different strategies with the help of Information Technologies (Porter and Hepplemann 2014). Factors Responsible Behind Success Four strategies exist for managing the competitive advantages and these strategies correlates with the use of Information technology: Low Cost Leadership: Utilization of Information technology for achieving lowest cost of operation as well as lowest prices. For instance a system of supply chain management may include efficient response system for customer for direct linking of behaviour of consumer to production as well as distribution department that will help in reducing the cost of inventory and distribution (D. Banker, Mashruwala and Tripathy 2014). Differentiation of Product: The utilisation of Information system helps for innovating products as well as services and changes the old traditional products and service for customer convenience (Sirgy, Johar and Wood 2015). The innovated product and services attracts the customers largely and thus the organisation can gain competitive advantages. Focusing Market niche: Utilisation of information system helps in focusing on a particular market. This focus enhances the target of the narrow market much better than that of competitors. Information Technology helps in supporting this strategy with the help of producing data and analysing them for enhancing the department of sales and market. Strengthening relationship between suppliers and customer: Information technology can be used for strengthening the linkages in between customers and suppliers. It can be used for directly providing access to schedule of production from suppliers. It also allows the suppliers for deciding the shipping of products (Oke, Prajago and Jayaram 2013). This provides the suppliers with maximum lead times for production of goods. Example of Failure in Gaining Competitive Advantage by Organisation British Petroleum a renowned company in the sector of petroleum has failed in gaining competitive advantages by implementing Information system. The company implemented Enterprise Resource Planning popularly known as ERP, a management information system for gaining competitive advantages over their competitors. The company faced a big failure in implementing ERP. ERP is software that can help the organisation to gain maximum competitive advantages if implemented successfully. The company failed in successfully implement ERP as implementing ERP requires considering many factors. One of the significant factor is the company should understand the reasons for implementing ERP. As ERP is not cost effective therefore failure in implementing it successfully may lead to a substantial loss of fund for the organisation. The company implemented the new software without judging the use of it and therefore it has to pay a huge penalty. Moreover after the failure faced by the company after impleme nting management information system the company outsources the IT department and this finally led to the loss of control of IT department form the hands of management of British Petroleum (Wu, Straub and Liang 2015). The tech industries have like Apple, Google and Microsoft has earned maximum competitive advantages by implementing Information System. But there are numerous numbers of companies who failed tragically in gaining competitive advantages by applying the technology. Over here we are going to discuss the reason liable for the failure of companies to implement successfully Information technologies. The lessons that can be learned from the failure of this company are: Company should use IT relevantly: In the booming technological world there exist cardinal rule for the organisations. They should be continuously seeking for remaining relevant to fulfil the needs of customers. Many companies failed to bloom in their respective industries for not adhering this rule. If company like British petroleum could have use this rule then they might not faced such a huge loss (Schwalbe 2015). Newly Software invented does not mean it is useful. The choosing of right technology should be done in order to gain competitive advantages. If British petroleum had made a correct strategically plan for information technology before introducing ERP then the implementation of ERP would not have faced such a big failure. The implementation of Information technology thus has to be done rightly as well as accurately in gaining competitive advantages over the other competitors (Camison and Villar-Lopez 2014). Internal Factors Affecting the Company The internal factors that affect the gaining competitive advantages for an organisation are as follows: Organisational factor: The size of the organisation matters for gaining competitive advantages by using IT. The organisation has to be economically stable for getting the competitive advantages. Some management information system like ERP and setting a video call conference requires huge amount of fund for implementation and ERP has a long payback period. Though some information technologies are quite cheap in price and they require a right organisational structure to be implemented and getting competitive advantages (Oke, Prajogo and Jayaram 2013). The organisational factor leads to the complete failure of implementation of ERP system in British petroleum. The structure of the organisation was not that established for successfully implementing ERP. Individual factor: After the technology is implemented it depends on individuals to handle them with expertise. The achievement of competitive advantage by using information technology is also significantly determined by employees. Apple has a great strategy for the individual employee as the hierarchy of the organisation was well defined. Each superior cordially supports his junior. More over the technology adapted by Apple is highly competitive and for maintaining that technology every individual employee has to take the extra workload (Oke, Prajogo and Jayaram 2013). Management Factor: The way of implementing management information system like ERP is very much significant. The managerial stakeholders and the management is responsible for choosing the right vendor after assessing their needs accurately. Therefore management plays an important role in gaining competitive advantages. The management of Apple is well constructed for innovating some new technologies that gives them the desired competitive advantages over their rival. On the other hand management of British petroleum is excellent but when it comes to managing the information system it is not that good as the implementation of ERP was unsuccessful with unsuccessful outsourcing of IT deprtment. External Factors Affecting the Company Demographic Factor: This factor determines the size, growth rate, density and distribution of the company. These factors demand various innovative goods as well as services. These innovations can be achieved by using information technology (Palamuleni 2013). Economic Factor: The economic situation of the nation where the business is conducting the operation is also significant. It incorporates GDP, foreign trade growth, capital availability, capital markets strength and per capita income. These factors help in improvement of economic growth. All the activities of business are been greatly influenced by the economic policies. These policies are the industrial policy, fiscal policy, and monetary policy and export import policy. The economic factor of Apple as well as British petroleum is very much stable. The economic factor of Apple is much more stable and therefore the company can gain stable position and innovation can be focused on. But as ERP implementation was a total failure for British petroleum therefore it affected the economic structure of the company. Social Factor: Social factors like customs, traditions, literacy and expectancy of life influence the organisational operation. The improvement in literacy rate will make the customer more conscious about the products quality. With the change in composition family there is also an alteration of thinking of customers (Lloyed-Jones and Rakodi 2014). The formation of nuclear families leads to have a single child concept that increases the demands of children. Apple as it is a costly brand therefore the social factor greatly influences the brand. If the company open its outlet in a society where there is a leaving of poor people than the brand will attain failure. Political factor: This incorporates political system of a country as well as the policies of government for the community of businesses. The government stability largely influences the activities as well as operation of businesses. The stable government gives the investor dependency on investing on any businesses. The investment factor greatly influences the organisational operation (Bodie 2013). The political factors did not affect Apple or British Petroleum in that way as two of the companies are stable and established on their field and did not depend on the political factor. Legal Factor: This refers to laws, regulation that influences the operation of business. All the organisations have to maintain the law framework. The significant legislations are Companies Act 1956, Factories Act 1948, Industrial dispute Act 1972. Internal or External Factors- Significance Both internal and external factors are significance for deciding the competitive advantages of company. Internal factors maintain accurate organisational factors and External factors helps in the operation of business. But sometimes situation comes when there could nothing be done for controlling the external factors but internal factors could be managed by managerial hierarchy. Therefore external factors are important for the business operation. The competitive advantages gained by using Information Technology could be sustained in the following ways: Using IT for being Innovative: Information technology may be utilize by the organisation in an unique manner for improvement of products as well as services. If the availability of information system increases it can facilitate the organisation for building strategies regarding to the application of IT for gaining strength in their business plan and sustaining the competitive advantages achieved (Davenport 2013). Utilisation of IT for strategically lowering cost: Strategically lowering of cost is one of the ways of sustaining competitive advantages within the organisation. Using of Information technology effectively reduces the cost of processes for business. Automation System of Architectural Practices and Multi Phase Integration of Automation systems are been utilized for sustaining competitive advantages. These frameworks are utilized for quickly accessing correct as well as updated information, information stockpiling, sharing of data, simplicity of correspondence, diminishing expenses and less utilization of paper. Subsequently, changes in specialized side brought about quality change, new incomes and including an incentive and in addition less asset utilization for the organization. IT applications can be used to direct inbound coordination with the advantages of absolutely end of capacity expenses (Simons 2013). For example, MITOS framework has incorporated with material provider datab ase for reason of sharing up to date data t5hat is less demanding and more successive with material providers. This functions as a "Without a moment to spare System" empowering the development organizations have their required materials provided just before they totally come up short on stock (Madadipouya 2015). This powerful and effective framework definitely decreases stock related costs, sustaining competitive advantages. Utilisation of IT for promoting growth strategically: IT/IS applications is required to aligned for the strategy of business for being strategic and addressing business requirements in future. Positive connections between an IT/IS and acknowledged money related measures of execution must be distinguished, legitimately arranged and made utilization of for a straightforward application to be deliberately utilized. Web 2.0 is can be deliberately used to advance development. This can be accomplished by utilizing long range informal communication destinations which are data frameworks that are right now being adjusted to organizations to advance business development (Wu, Straub and Liang 2015). Twitter, for example is a "demystifying online networking" states that the essential elements of web-based social networking are to screen, react, enhance, and lead shopper conduct and connections them to the entry buyers go up against when settling on acquiring choices. Utilisation of IT for improvement of lead time: Time taken from start till the end of execution of process in various organisations is termed as lead time taken. Lead time decrease could be useful for lowering safety of stocks, additionally anticipating accuracy as well as less level stock out by getting littler requests sizes that enhances stock instrument and more financially effective accordingly applications of IT/IS and are being utilized to lessen lead-time for gaining and sustain competitive advantages. The conceptual model of sustaining competitive advantages defines that application of IT depends on management features, organisational features, technology condition and sustaining competitive advantages. Here we are going to discuss on the factors that sustainable competitive advantages depends. It depends on the capability of marketing and capability of entrepreneur. The marketing capabilities include: Managing Customer Connection: In order to sustain competitive advantages the connection of customer is important. Customer can be connected with the help of Information technology. The use of social site and contacting the customer using the technologies are important for sustaining IT. Different product: Information technology may be utilize by the organisation in an unique manner for improvement of products as well as services. If the availability of information system increases it can facilitate the organisation for building strategies regarding to the application of IT for gaining strength in their business plan and sustaining the competitive advantages achieved (Davenport 2013). Conclusion In recent times no organisation can gain competitive advantages without utilising Information Technology. Due to ceaseless advancements as well as changes in sector of IT, it can be found that the majority of the vital moves received by different organizations no longer end up noticeably key with time. This happens when contenders have embraced comparable systems and nothing, consequently separates the method of operations of business for different organizations. Some vital administration and constant changes to the key frameworks must be embraced for achievement in long term. IT applications should be adjusted to business techniques and elements, for example, execution, highlights, unwavering quality, strength, serviceability, conformance to business condition, saw quality must be considered. Reference List Camisn, C. and Villar-Lpez, A., 2014. Organizational innovation as an enabler of technological innovation capabilities and firm performance.Journal of Business Research,67(1), pp.2891-2902. Culn, A.L. and Kriger, M., 2014, June. Creating competitive advantage in IT-intensive organizations: a design thinking perspective. InInternational Conference on HCI in Business(pp. 492-503). Springer International Publishing. Banker, R., Mashruwala, R. and Tripathy, A., 2014. Does a differentiation strategy lead to more sustainable financial performance than a cost leadership strategy?.Management Decision,52(5), pp.872-896. Davenport, T.H., 2013.Process innovation: reengineering work through information technology. Harvard Business Press. Lloyd-Jones, T. and Rakodi, C., 2014.Urban livelihoods: A people-centred approach to reducing poverty. Routledge. Madadipouya, K., 2015. A review on the strategic use of it applications in achieving and sustaining competitive advantage. International Journal of Managing Public Sector Information and Communication Technologies, 6(2). Oke, A., Prajogo, D.I. and Jayaram, J., 2013. Strengthening the innovation chain: The role of internal innovation climate and strategic relationships with supply chain partners.Journal of Supply Chain Management,49(4), pp.43-58. Palamuleni, M.E., 2013. Socio-economic and demographic factors affecting contraceptive use in Malawi: original research article.African journal of reproductive health,17(3), pp.91-104. Porter, M.E. and Heppelmann, J.E., 2014. How smart, connected products are transforming competition.Harvard Business Review,92(11), pp.64-88. Purkayastha, A. and Sharma, S., 2016. Gaining competitive advantage through the right business model: analysis based on case studies.Journal of Strategy and Management,9(2), pp.138-155. Schwalbe, K., 2015.Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. Shapiro, C. and Varian, H.R., 2013.Information rules: a strategic guide to the network economy. Harvard Business Press. Simons, R., 2013.Levers of control: How managers use innovative control systems to drive strategic renewal. Harvard Business Press. Sirgy, M.J., Johar, J.S. and Wood, M., 2015. Determinants of product value-expressiveness: Another look at conspicuousness, differentiation, and common usage. InProceedings of the 1986 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 35-39). Springer International Publishing. Wu, S.P.J., Straub, D.W. and Liang, T.P., 2015. How information technology governance mechanisms and strategic alignment influence organizational performance: Insights from a matched survey of business and it managers.Mis Quarterly,39(2), pp.497-518.

Marvin Hugley Jr. Essays (2231 words) - Poetry, Literature

Marvin Hugley Jr. Tim Welch English 102 5/22/17 Title: Robert Frost "The unexamined life is not worth living"," Know thyself"The great philosopher Socrates stated these ideas and made it his duty to fulfill his own reasoning. He knew that as human beings, we are a complex system of nature's product that is still very enigmatic to ourselves. Thus, to fully comprehend oneself as an individual, one must look inward and seek the cause and function of one's own natural condition. Many methods are effective in one's search, and this fact holds evident to our own differences, some use social interaction as a form of investigation, while others may find solitary confinement as a more productive approach. Through my own personal path to clarity and understanding, it has proved invaluable to myself that the reading of literature and poetry has a profound effect upon fulfillment. By associating oneself into the thoughts and theories of the writer, one can gain an insight into their personal condition. Robert Frost includes much thought and examples into his own behavior as well as others. Through the analysis of Robert Frost's poetry, one attains an insight into oneself, and a deeper perspective of the human condition. Poems such as "The Death of a Hired Man", "The Road Not Taken", and "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening" all are incorporated with his thoughts of the natural human condition, and delve into his own definitive bearing.Poetry, he wrote, was "one step backward taken," resisting time-a "momentary stay against confusion."(Baym 1116) The confusion that Frost recalls is the chaos that is included in the search for oneself, and poetry to him was an elapse from the confusion. Itgave him comfort to read and write of his thoughts, emotions, and beliefs, and analyze them in a humanistic nature that many could relate to and enjoy. In the 1930s when writers tended to be political activists, he was one whose old-fashioned values were inappropriate, even dangerous, in modern times. Frost deeply resented this criticism, and responded wit h a new hortatory, didactic kind of poetry. (Baym1116) This style of poetry created an atmosphere that urged the reader to generate perception into the moral subject and envision the meaning behind them. Frost shared with Thoreau and Emerson the belief that everybody is a separate individuality and that collective enterprise could do nothing but weaken the self. (Baym 1116) This theory that Frost shared with the famous transcendentalists conveys that he was a firm believer that one's freedom of others is essential the development for the further understanding of oneself. To many transcendentalists, the pure act of coexisting within nature as an entity, creates a sense of closeness and spirituality within the human mind that is open to hear it. Frost opens the eyes of many to the griefs of country life in "Death of a Hired Man", where he explores the humanistic conditions of belongings, empathy, intolerance, and dignity. Mary and Warren's farm was Silas' only place to call home, where he knew he would always be accepted even if he weren't welcome. Home is the place where, when you have to go there, they have to take you in. (Frost 1122) This was home for Silas, even if his rich brother lived thirteen miles away, who was a "somebody", Silas wouldn't be made ashamed to please his brother. This powerful and sound dignity stressed by Frost, exemplifies his stern belief to uphold one's own pride in oneself. Also, Silas wanted to return with one other wish than to ditch the meadow, he told Mary that he wants to teach Harold, to pass on his one true talent. The human need of belongingness isvery evident within Silas as he hopes to pass on his skill and teach his wisdom to others, to belong and to have something to belong in. He t hinks that if he could teach him that, he'd be some good perhaps to someone in the world. (Frost 1122) Silas wanted to have a last hope for himself, to save his last self-respect. Silas is a character that Frost uses very well to convey his personal ideals of the effect that belongingness has on deprived humans.Another character that Frost portrays to the reader as certain

Request for a traffic signal to be placed at an intersection...This essay is how proposals are to be written.

Request for a traffic signal to be placed at an intersection...This essay is how proposals are to be written. To: Phil Genovese, Westfield Department of Public WorksFrom: Nicole Mason, C/O Residents of Edgewood ApartmentsDate: October 2, 2003Subject: Request for a Traffic Signal at the Intersection of Edgewood Apts., Union St., and Moseley Ave.ProblemAs residents of Edgewood Apartment Complex located at 134 Union St., we would like to petition the city of Westfield to investigate the placement of a traffic signal at the intersection of the Edgewood Apartment Complex driveway, Union St. and Moseley Ave. Residents of Edgewood Apartments are unable to exit their street due to the high volume of traffic that passes and frequently stacks up on Union St. directly in front of their street entrance and exit during high traffic volume timeslots. Residents living in Edgewood Apartments are prepared to collect and donate $25,000 to the construction of the traffic signal.Research of the SituationPreliminary sources of primary and secondary research are consistent with the conclusion that a traffic signa l is necessary at the above-mentioned intersection.English: Installation of a traffic signal in San D...Personal encounters have resulted in delays of up to thirty minutes to exit my apartment complex because traffic refuses to stop and let me proceed outward onto the main street. Informal interviews with other residents have yielded similar complaints. The fact that there is a street, Moseley Ave., directly across from the unnamed driveway of my complex, causes further problems when vehicles are trying to exit in opposite directions onto the busy highway. Often times, the traffic flow is very dense along Union St. so drivers attempting to exit from either of the side streets carelessly and speedily exit causing traffic accidents and near misses.Inquiries to my apartment complex management have verified that many traffic accidents have been caused as a result of the high traffic volume situation. This situation is compounded when other...

Federal Government Small Business Set Aside Programs

Federal Government Small Business Set Aside Programs Every federal government purchase anticipated to be valued from $2500 to $100,000 is automatically set-aside for small businesses as long as there are at least 2 companies that can provide the product/service. Contracts over $100,000 can be set aside if enough small businesses are able to do the work. Contracts over $500,000 have to include a small business subcontracting plan so that small businesses can get work under these large contracts. Small Business Contracts less than $100,000 or those where 2 or more small businesses can fulfill the contract can be set aside for small businesses. This is typically a contracting officer decision after they perform market research. Contracts can be fully set aside or partially set aside (large company and small company). The SBA’s definition of a small business varies based on industry but typically is less than 500 employees or less than $5,000,000 in revenue. The government has an overall goal of 23% of prime contracts flowing to small businesses and in 2006 the actual was 23.09%. HUB Zone The HUBZone program is to encourage small businesses located in designated high unemployment, low-income areas through set aside contracts. HUBZone stands for â€Å"Historically Underutilized Business Zone†. To qualify a company must be a small business, owned and controlled 51% by US citizens, have a  main office in a HUBZone and have at least 35% of employees living in a HUBZone. The governments contracting goal is 3% of all prime contract dollars being awarded to HUBZone businesses. There are also sole source contracts possible and 10% price preference (HUBZone company prices can be 10% higher and still be considered competitive). To become HUBZone qualified the company must submit an application and supporting documentation to the SBA. In 2007 $1.764 billion was spent on HUBZone contracts. SBIR/STTR The SBIR/STTR program was established to provide small companies with funding to develop products which have government and commercial potential. SBIRs are research grants to fund research and development efforts. In 2005 federal agencies spent $1.85 billion on SBIR awards. STTR is similar to SBIR except the company must partner with a university under an STTR. Federal agencies with RD expenditures over $100 million per year set aside 2.5% of the RD funds for the SBIR program. Twenty percent of the SBIR award companies were founded entirely or partly based on SBIR contracts (â€Å"An Assessment of the SBIR Program†). SBIR is a three-phase program. Phase I is worth up to $100,000 and is to explore whether the proposed solution will work. Phase II can have a budget of up to $750,000 and is to develop a proof of concept. Phase III is to commercialize the solution and has a mix of government and private funding. 8(a) Small disadvantaged businesses may apply to the SBA 8(a) program. To qualify a business must be owned by socially or economically disadvantaged people, in business for at least 2 years and owners must have a net worth under $250,000. Once certified by the SBA 8(a) companies have set aside contracts available. Women-Owned There is no formal certification for women-owned small businesses – it is self-certified. The government contracting goal is 5% to women-owned businesses but there are no specific set aside programs. In 2006 the government awarded 3.4% of contract dollars to women-owned businesses. Service-Disabled Veteran-Owned (SDVO) Veterans who are certified as service-disabled and own a company can be qualified as a service disabled veteran owned company. There is no formal certification process (self-certified) other than the Veteran’s Administration qualifying them as service disabled. The government-wide contracting goal is 3% to SDVO. Just 0.12% of total prime contract dollars were to service disabled veteran-owned businesses. Veteran-Owned Veteran-owned companies is a self-certifying designation when at least 51% of the company is owned by veterans. There are no specific set aside programs for veteran-owned. Just 0.6% of total prime contract dollars were to veteran-owned businesses. Small Disadvantaged Business Small disadvantaged businesses are 51% owned and controlled by African Americans, Hispanic Americans, Asian Pacific Americans, Subcontinent Asian Americans, and Native Americans. This designation is self-certifying. Native American Native American (including Alaskan and Hawaiian) can have contracts set aside and sole-sourced to them.

Humans are rational. Critically discuss the theoretical and empirical Essay

Humans are rational. Critically discuss the theoretical and empirical evidence from psychology for and against this assertion - Essay Example These biases, such as confirmation bias, anchoring, base rate neglect and overconfidence, make up the first section of this essay. The biases are present in behavioral economics, which dictates that humans will behave in a way that is efficient for them in an economic sense, and this makes up the second portion of this essay. There is some indication that humans can be rational when it comes to domain specific tasks – such as exposing cheating or enforcing social contracts. Because of this, more study should be done regarding other domain specific tasks to indicate if there are pockets of rationality in other domain specific areas. Moreover, there is considerable thought that the irrational nature that is detected on the tests could be the result of something other than irrationality at work – such as poorly worded tests, computational errors, incorrect norms being applied, or inattention of the participants. Therefore, it is possible that humans are not as irrational a s these tests might presume. This analysis makes up the third and last portion of this essay. Discussion Reasoning is a part of cognition, which is virtually wholly made up of using inference. There is some question of whether or not reasoning has a separate cognitive system unto itself, or whether or not it is merely a part of the whole of cognition (Manktelow & Chung, 2004, p. 66). That said, reasoning must be distinguished from intuition. The main difference between reason and intuition is that reasoning is done deliberately and consciously, while intuition springs forth from the mind in a spontaneous fashion, without effort or a conscious search (Kahneman, 2003, p. 1450). Thus, when a person is doing an income tax form, he is using reasoning; when that same person revolts at eating a piece of chocolate that is the shape of a cockroach, that person is working from intuition (Kahneman, 2003, p. 1450). Reasoning is a function that is only in the higher order beings, as there has be en no evidence that reasoning is present in animals or children who are pre-verbal (Mercier & Sperber, p. 3). There are three basic types of reasoning, according to Samuels et al. (2004). They are descriptive, which describes how humans actually reason; normative, which describes how humans should reason; and evaluative, which describes the difference between how humans actually reason and how they should reason. In other words, there is an assumed standard that has been established by the normative project, so researchers interested in the evaluative project are interested in finding out how actual reasoning fit the assumed standard (Samuels et al., 2004, p. 1). These are the bases of deciding whether humans are rational or irrational – does their reasoning fit what is normative? If this is the case, then rationality can be presumed, for this would mean that the individual is making decisions that benefit him or herself. There are a series of normative rules that prescribe h ow humans should behave. One of these is cancellation, which means that a human will eliminate â€Å"any state of the world that yields the same results, regardless of one’s choice† (Tverskey & Kahneman, 1986, p. s252). Cancellation is important because only one state will be realized, which makes it easy to evaluate the other options separately for each state. Transivity is another rule, which means that each option in an

How Does Music Function As A Social Commentary Research Paper

How Does Music Function As A Social Commentary - Research Paper Example American cultural history, ethnic studies, folklore, and even musicology have increasingly placed music in American social and cultural context. American culture describes how race and ethnicity, gender, and class have influenced the performance and production of music. It has illuminated issues as diverse as ethnic and regional identity, the degree of agency among artists, and Cold War politics. Despite some shortcomings in its application, such music continues to offer Americans much material regarding the many connections between music and American culture. On the one hand, the ruling elites use music to communicate their political values to the general population and to legitimize their rule. In this sense, music is used to encourage politically acceptable behavior. At the same time, music is also a medium for encouraging certain modes of socially acceptable behavior. On the other hand, music is used by people in structurally subordinate positions to comment on social problems; t o express their dissatisfaction with the state of society and resistance to hegemony and the ruling order. Music as a cultural form is thus appropriated for different ends by two different groups in society (Ibid, 283-285).

Balance sheet Essay Example for Free

Balance sheet Essay According to the depreciation rates used by the company and described in the Production Cost Report, if a company adds 50 new workstations at a cost of $250,000 each and also spends $5 million for an addition to its assembly plant to accommodate the new workstations. According to the cost allocation methods used in the company’s accounting system and described in the Help section for the Operations Report for any of the four geographic regions, if a company spends $5 million to advertise its camera lines in North America, assembles and ships 300,000 entry-level cameras and 200,000 multi-featured cameras to its North American dealers, derives revenues of $80 million from its sales of entry-level cameras and $120 million from the sales of its multi-featured cameras in North America, then 50% of the $5 million in advertising expenditures will be allocated to the costs of advertising for entry-level cameras and 50% will be allocated to the costs of multi-featured cameras. 70% of the $5 million in advertising expenditures will be allocated to the costs of advertising for entry-level cameras and 30% will be allocated to the costs of multi-featured cameras. the per camera advertising costs for both entry-level and multi-featured cameras will be $10.00. 40% of the $5 million in advertising expenditures will be allocated to the costs of advertising for entry-level cameras and 60% will be allocated to the costs of multi-featured cameras. the per camera advertising costs for entry-level cameras will be 50% larger than the per camera advertising costs for multi-featured cameras.

Lord of the Rings :: essays papers

Lord of the Rings Tolkien's famous book, "The Lord of the Rings", has been repudiated as one of the best fantasies ever written. Tolkien creates a very deep intimacy between the book and the reader, he captures the reader's attention and lures him into the story. One of the ways how this cathartic relationship is created is through the use of reality of the situation in the story. Tolkien has conjured up a fantasy language, to show the actuality this novel may present. Some quotations of this language are: "eleventy-first birthday" "The invitation were limited to twelve-dozen (a number also called a Gross by the hobbits)" "Many young hobbits were included and present by parental permission for hobbits were easy going with their children in the matter of sitting up late." "What may you be wanting?" "It was a cheerless land" "The hobbits were merrymaking happily." Not only does the language create a land but it may also add a bit of humor. This humor can also express the merriness of the people that have been written about. The language, in English is not exactly incorrect but it is odd, strange, and different, which matches the theme and plot. Tolkien, like mostly every other author has one main, specific goal during the exposition of the story, which is to capture the reader's attention. In the beginning of "The Lord of the Rings," Tolkien presents events of happiness, mystery, tales of power, chase, by evil riders, battles, and strange encounters. Through this process, Tolkien has created a grasp upon the reader's attention, although, in the beginning, there is not much of a sort or understanding of the condition and the state of the tale. Later on in the story, in the "Council of Ehond," Tolkien regains control of the story and presents the understanding. At that time, the reader understands the story, and is also eager to read on. Tolkien thought of it better to catch the attention and then promote the comprehension of the tale. The Lord of the Rings is indeed a fantastic book with times of happiness, war, mystery, conflict, and passion. In order to create the full cathartic effect of presenting and expressing the magnitude of the potential of each feeling, emphasis must be exercised. If emphasis was not used, the essence of "The Lord of the Rings" could not be how it is; it would be a monotonous tale without any events of objects with great importance.

Mid-term Exercise

Vocabulary essayed- Manfred has attempted to find answers to his lack of happiness. He has tried to do good deeds and he has done wrong as well; yet neither has offered him answers. avail- Manfred is considering his life, both the good and the bad; however as he tries to figure out his purpose in life he cannot. Avail is to do well or to be of use. In Manfred’s case, all his searching is useless and has not rendered him any answers. Promethean- Byron uses the word promethean to express Manfred’s belief that he has lived as a creative and imaginative being much like the spirits, yet the spirits mock him as only human. Uncharnel- Lord Byron chose this word to describe Manfred’s raising of Astarte, Manfred’s love, from the dead. Charnel is a tomb or sometimes when used in literature suggests death. In this case, Byron used it as a description of awakening the dead. Anchorite- The abbot comes to Manfred, hoping to convince him to pray to God and not leave his fate in the hands of the spirits. He appeals to Manfred’s likeness to an anchorite, or a person living a life of prayer in solitude (can also be in a religious community); only Manfred spent his solitary life without prayer. Mediator- Manfred wants to deal with his earthly discretions directly with heaven. He tells the abbot that he will deal directly with heaven and has no desire for the abbot to intervene and explain his actions to ensure his entrance to heaven. Atonement- The abbot believed, as his religion expects, that atonement, asking for forgiveness for sins, is the only way of getting into heaven. Manfred on the other hand feels he should deal with his mistakes himself and be responsible for his own soul. Cataract- The abbot wants Manfred to reconsider his life and achievements, but Manfred compares his life to that of a cataract, or waterfall. He feels that all his hopes to achieve great things amounted to nothing and crashed like the water of a cataract. Averse- Manfred defended his choice to live in solitude to the abbot. He felt his life was unlike those of other men. He believed that his nature was to be alone unlike others who preferred the company of others. Colloquy- Manfred becomes annoyed by the abbot’s insistence of atonement before death. The conversation becomes intense and Manfred tells the abbot that the conversation is over. Plot a. The event which Manfred speaks of is the death of Astarte which he blames on himself and from that point on he does not care about his life and wants it only to be over. b. Manfred’s destiny according to the spirit is to â€Å"live† in purgatory. The spirit says, And on thy head I pour the vial Which doth devote thee to this trial; Nor to Slumber, nor to die, Shall be in thy destiny (I.i.261); The spirit warns Manfred that he will not sleep or die, but parish. c. After summoning the spirits, Manfred feels as though they are mocking him and this angers him. He feels that he would be a slave of the spirits should he agree with the witch and swear him obedience.   This is somewhat contradicting since he needs them to raise Astarte’s spirit. d. The witch seems sympathetic to Manfred’s sadness and wants to stop his pain but then asks for something in return as a sign of his sincerity; which he angrily refuses. While Manfred claimed to want the witch’s help he out right refuses to give any part of him in return for her help. During Manfred’s encounter with the witch, Manfred describes his total infatuation and love for his sister, Astarte. e. During Manfred’s encounter with the spirits, Nemesis was the one to summons Astarte from the dead. Nemesis mocks Manfred as with false pity. Nemesis by definition indicates a person who is an enemy or a force that inflicts injury. In Manfred, Nemesis is inflicting pain by bringing the spirit who despised Manfred to him; knowing how much he loved her. III. Themes a. Manfred describes human lives as being lived in many different orders. Some live long and simple lives whereas some live harsh, painful lives which cause them death before their time. Manfred professes to be a man who deserves an early death because of all he’s seen and done and all the pain he’s caused and received. Orders as seen in today’s standards have many connotations. Orders today can be seen as different groups of people in society. One example could pertain to religious groups, such as the Order of Saint Francis. People can live their lives in a particular order based on their moral and ethical beliefs. If one believes they have the potential the achieve greatness, they will live accordingly. In the contrary, if one feels life is meaningless they will not strive for more. b. The abbot’s sympathy towards Manfred allows the readers to understand Manfred’s complex reasoning for not wanting to abide by the religious orders required by the abbot’s religion. The play would have had a very different impact had the abbot been unsympathetic to Manfred. The whole story revolves around the choice Manfred makes to deal with heaven directly, rather than praying for forgiveness. Manfred feels that the abbot’s religion does not pertain to him. Had the abbot not been portrayed as a sympathetic man then the audience would not have seen Manfred defend his right to go to heaven without absolution. The abbot, begs Manfred to reconsider his choice to not ask for absolution; Abbot.  Ã‚  My pious brethren, the scared peasantry, Even thy own vassals, who do look on thee With most unquiet eyes. Thy life’s in peril. Man.  Ã‚  Take it. Abbot.  I come to save, and not destroy (III.I. 55-60). IV. Mini-Essays Byron uses two different narrative approaches in â€Å"Manfred† and â€Å"Beppo†. The differences in narration and tone portray two different types of love; forbidden and innocent. The following essay examines key differences between â€Å"Beppo† and â€Å"Manfred†. Two different types of narration are used in Byron’s â€Å"Manfred† and â€Å"Beppo†. In â€Å"Manfred†, Byron creates Manfred as a main character and uses first person narration to allow the reader to get a first hand experience of Manfred’s thoughts and emotions. The narrator in â€Å"Beppo† is not an actual main character. The narrator in â€Å"Beppo† has the advantage of seeing all the characters and their emotions. The narrator in â€Å"Beppo† also relates his own experiences with love in comparison to Byron’s characters. The narrator in â€Å"Beppo† has a more upbeat and positive tone about love and life than Manfred, as the narrator says; But they were young: Oh !  what without our youth Would love be ! What would youth be without love! Youth lends it joy, and sweetness, vigour, truth, Heart, soul, and all that seems as from above; (LV.). Manfred expresses sadness throughout his tale. Unlike the narrator in â€Å"Beppo†, Manfred tells of his own personal tragedy. For example, in Act I, Manfred tells of his life of sorrow and disappointment; But grief should be the instructor of the wise; Sorrow is knowledge: they who know the most Must mourn the deepest o’er the fatal truth, The Tree of Knowledge is not that of Life (I.I.10). The narrator in â€Å"Beppo† reminisces of past romantic experiences, passing his knowledge to the audience. He compares Laura’s love of Beppo and the Count to his own past experiences; and while he shares the joy and satisfaction of young love, he must have had his heart broken in the past because he also can sympathize with the disappointments of love. Manfred only briefly speaks of happiness, and that is while reminiscing of his time with Astarte. The love in which Manfred speaks of is a forbidden love; â€Å"I say ’tis blood—my blood! the pure warm stream/   Which ran in the veins of my fathers, and in ours/ When we were in our youth, and had one heart,/ And loved each other as we should not love†, (II. I. 28-31). Byron’s â€Å"Beppo† however, is based on a more innocent love. Perhaps the most obvious difference between the characters in Byron’s two stories is the personalities and psyche of the main characters. â€Å"Manfred† is a tale of pain and suffering; Manfred is obviously depressed and suicidal; he speaks often of his loneliness and impatience with life; wishing it was over. â€Å"Beppo† doesn’t focus on just one moment in time as a basis for the narrator’s emotions. The narrator is unbiased, he tells of both the good and the bad in love. Essay  Ã‚   b. In the stories â€Å"Manfred† by Byron and â€Å"Descent into the Maelstrom† there are very distinct main characters. The characters share some similar qualities which this essay will examine; as well as some of their differences and how each could be considered heroes. The two stories express tragic experiences as the cause for the main characters motives. Manfred’s tragedy was his own doing, by acting on the feelings he had for his sister, while the guide’s tragic experience was caused by nature. Both characters acted on their experience differently; while the guide used his tragic adventure as a learning experience in which he uses to inspire his company, Manfred dwells on his tragic experience, letting it run his life and eventually end it. Both characters Manfred and the guide; had aged before their time. Manfred felt it was his time to die, even though the Chamois hunter questions this. The hunter can’t understand why a man younger than himself would want to end his life. Manfred explains; â€Å"Think’st thou existence doth depend on time?/   It doth; but actions are our epochs: mine/   Have made my days and nights imperishable (II.I. 56-58)†. The guide considers himself to have aged dramatically from that tragic moment at sea, he tells his company; â€Å"You suppose me a very old man – but I am not. It took less than a single day to change these hairs from a jetty black to white, to weaken my limbs, and to unstring my nerves, so that I tremble at the least exertion, and am frightened at a shadow† (par.2). Both of the characters feel that they have vast amounts of life experience which is why they feel old. Their decisions are based on this feeling of being wise beyond their year. Manfred feels he has experienced too much hardship to go on, whereas the guide feels it has made him stronger, though still fearful. This can be seen as heroic for both men, it is seen more obvious in the guide; however Manfred has taken his future in his own hands and has not been persuaded by others. He knows what he did was wrong, and that his sister’s death can be blamed on him, so he does the only thing that seems right. Both characters were strong willed, however, Manfred was not aware of this; it was the spirit who recognized his strength. The guide likely new his strength from surviving such an ordeal as the Moskoe-strà ¶m; yet the guide used this inner strength as a way to inspire his guest. Both Manfred and the guide had a moment of peacefulness and acceptance; Manfred before he died and the guide right before he thought he was about to die. After being terrified the guide experiences a moment of acceptance; I began to reflect how magnificent a thing it was to die in such a manner, and how foolish it was in me to think of so paltry a consideration as my own individual life, in view of so wonderful a manifestation of God's power. I do believe that I blushed with shame when this idea crossed my mind. (par.37). Manfred has a moment of acceptance when the spirit comes for him; I knew, and know my hour is come, but not To render up my soul to such as thee: Away! I’ll die as I have lived—alone (III. IV. 104-106). Byron’s â€Å"Manfred† is a tale based on tragedy whereas Poe’s â€Å"Descent into the Maelstrom† is a story of strength and accomplishment. These two stories demonstrate the very different approaches one can take after a tragic event. Manfred chose to wallow in his pain and eventually puts an end to it, while the guide chose to live with a new outlook on life. Beppo http://readytogoebooks.com/LB-Bp48.htm A Descent into the Maelstrom http://www.online-literature.com/poe/26/ Byron, George G. N. Harvard Classics (vol.18) (part 6) Manfred. A Dramatic Poem. (1909). Retrieved Febru

Telehealth Technology Essay

Any nurse who has spoken to a patient over the phone has practiced telehealth nursing. Telehealth is defined as â€Å"the usage of engineering to present wellness attention. wellness information or wellness instruction at a distance† ( â€Å"What Is Telehealth? . † n. d. . parity. 1 ) . Although the usage of engineering alterations how nursing attention is delivered and may necessitate competences related to its usage to present nursing attention. the nursing procedure and range of pattern does non differ with telehealth nursing. Nurses engaged in telehealth nursing pattern continue to measure. program. intervene. and measure the results of nursing attention. but they do so utilizing engineering. In an environment of limited figure of nurses. engineering can assist run into the demand to supply nursing attention and increase the efficiency of those nurses. When a patient leaves the infirmary. the patient is responsible for his or her ain wellness attention at place. Tel ehealth services can do it more efficient to pull off on-going attention and better patient safety. Telehealth nursing is used when there is a demand to present nursing attention remotely and better efficiency and entree to healthcare. Telehealth offers healthcare suppliers with an chance to function people who are in hapless wellness. live in distant countries and do non hold equal entree to wellness attention. One of the major benefits of telehealth is that it promotes safety in health care. Patients are being discharged from the infirmary earlier than of all time before. with legion medicines and frequently missing the cognition they need to care for their status adequately. Telehealth allows these patients to return place. which saves money. but allows them to be supported by a professional until they are good or are pull offing their status with assurance. Telehealth provides a safety cyberspace for patients who may be fighting with pull offing their status at place. forestalling complications that could ensue in being hospitalized once more. There is a demand for criterions and guidelines to back up telehealth nursing pattern and to cut down liability hazard for nurses. Practice criterions and guidelines are evidence-based. and many people are involved in the development and distribution of nursing telehealth pattern criterions. Input signal from a broad array of experts is solicited in developing the criterions and guidelines. in order to guarantee equal consideration of technological. medical. nursing. legal. and ethical issues. ( Hutcherson. 2001 ) To guarantee safe and high quality telehealth nursing pattern. proficient demands for privateness and security of personal wellness informations should adhere to local and national Torahs regulating the storage and transmittal of personal wellness information. The hereafter of telehealth is assuring. but it may non work for turn toing the chronic attention load of every patient. Telehealth is a agency of heightening an organization’s ability to supply quality attention in patients’ places and detain the demand for expensive infirmary admittances or traditional nursing place attention. Besides cost nest eggs and bridging healthcare entree barriers in rural countries. telehealth provides the chance to derive important medical penetrations by analysing uninterrupted wellness informations for a patient collected through distant monitoring. combined with other informations beginnings. Telehealth services extend the accomplishments and cognition that nurses use every twenty-four hours. It is besides one of the most promising and practical solutions. available non merely to turn to an inevitable nursing crisis. but besides to convey modern twenty-four hours healthcare to more people and salvage more lives. MentionsHutcherson. MS. RN. C. M. ( 2001 ) . Legal considerations for nurses practising in a telehealth scene. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. nursingworld. org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents/Volume62001/No3Sept01/LegalConsiderations. html What is telehealth? ( n. d. ) . Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. hrsa. gov/healthit/toolbox/RuralHealthITtoolbox/Telehealth/whatistelehealth. hypertext markup language

Radical pesticide from Garongin Essay Essays

Radical pesticide from Garongin Essay Essays Radical pesticide from Garongin Essay Paper Radical pesticide from Garongin Essay Paper Abstraction Spices are merchandises of aromatic workss that grow chiefly in the Torrid Zones. The word â€Å"spices† besides includes merchandise that are more exactly called herbs. aromatic seeds or flavoring blends. Spices like Allium sativum ( Allium sativum ) . ginger ( Zingiber officinale ) . Piper nigrum ( Piper nigrum ) . onion ( Allium cepa ) has been the most common spice in our vicinity. A group of immature research workers were interested to set up a survey on what spices could lend to the day-to-day lives of the people. Their intent is to bring forth extremist pesticide from garongin and happen out if the pesticide produced is comparable to the commercial 1 in footings of efficaciously to kill plagues and a good beginning of an organic pesticide with an low-cost monetary value. particularly to the husbandmans which can barely afford the commercial 1. The research workers prepared all the ingredients that were needed. They chopped the Allium sativum. sliced the onion. minced the ginger. and oppress the Piper nigrum into pulverization signifier. Then the spices were added into a glass of H2O and assorted it exhaustively. Last. the mixture was placed into a pesticide spray container. Garongin pesticide and the commercial one – specifically Malathion – has high quality but they differ in pertinence. The commercial pesticide is expensive. harmful to human. makes the dirt acidic and pollutes the land H2O while Garongin is inexpensive. environmental friendly and non-pollutant. The undertaking itself can be a merchandise of industry and resourcefulness of research workers in happening ways to devour spices and avoids fouling our environment.

How Sociologists Define Marriage

How Sociologists Define Marriage Marriage is a socially supported union involving two or more individuals in what is regarded as a stable, enduring arrangement based at least in part on a sexual bond of some kind. Depending on the society, marriage may require religious and/or civil sanction, although some couples may come to be considered married simply by living together for a period of time (common law marriage). Though marriage ceremonies, rules, and roles may differ from one society to another, marriage is considered a cultural universal, which means that it is present as a social institution in all cultures. Marriage serves several functions. In most societies, it serves to socially identify children by defining kinship ties to a mother, father, and extended relatives. It also serves to regulate sexual behavior, to transfer, preserve, or consolidate property, prestige, and power, and most importantly, it is the basis for the institution of the family. Social Characteristics of Marriage In most societies, a marriage is considered a permanent social and legal contract and relationship between two people that is based on mutual rights and obligations among the spouses. A marriage is often based on a romantic relationship, though this is not always the case. But regardless, it typically signals a sexual relationship between two people. A marriage, however, does not simply exist between the married partners, but rather, is codified as a social institution in legal, economic, social, and spiritual/religious ways. Typically a the institution of marriage begins with a period of courtship that culminates in an invitation to marry. This is followed by the marriage ceremony, during which mutual rights and responsibilities may be specifically stated and agreed to. In many places the state must sanction a marriage in order for it to be considered valid and legal, and also in many cultures, a religious authority must do the same. In many societies, including the Western world and the United States, marriage is widely considered the basis of and foundation for family. This is why a marriage is often greeted socially with immediate expectations that the couple will produce children, and why children that are born outside of marriage are often branded with the stigma of illegitimacy. Because a marriage is recognized by law, by the economy, socially, and by religious institutions, a dissolution of marriage (annulment or divorce) must, in turn, involve a dissolution of the marriage relationship in all of these realms. The Social Functions of Marriage Marriage has several social functions that are important within the societies and cultures where the marriage takes place. Most commonly, marriage dictates the roles that spouses play in each others lives, in the family, and in society at large. Typically these roles involve a division of labor between the spouses, such that each is responsible for different tasks that are necessary within the family. American sociologist Talcott Parsons wrote on this topic and outlined a theory of roles within a marriage and household, wherein wives/mothers play the expressive role of a caregiver who takes care of socialization and emotional needs of others in the family, while the husband/father is responsible for the task role of earning money to support the family. In keeping with this thinking, a marriage often serves the function of dictating the social status of the spouses and the couple, and of creating a hierarchy of power between the couple. Societies in which the husband/father holds the most power in the marriage are known as patriarchies. Conversely, matriarchal societies are those in which wives/mothers hold the most power. Marriage also serves the social function of determining family names and lines of familial descent. In the U.S. and much of the Western world, we practice patrilineal descent, meaning the family name follows that of the husband/father. However, many cultures, including some within Europe and many in Central and Latin America, follow matrilineal descent. Today, it is common for newly married couples to create a hyphenated family name that preserves the named lineage of both sides, and for children to bear the surnames of both parents. Different Types of Marriages In the Western world, monogamous, heterosexual marriage is the most common form and is considered the norm. However, homosexual marriage is increasingly common and in many places, including the U.S., has been sanctioned by law and by many religious groups. This change in practice, law, and cultural norms and expectations for what a marriage is and how can participate in it reflects the fact that marriage itself is a social construct. Other forms of marriage that occur around the world include polygamy (a marriage of more than two spouses), polyandry (a marriage of a wife with more than one husband), and polygyny (the marriage of a husband with more than one wife). (In common usage, polygamy is often misused to refer to polygyny.) As such, the rules of marriage, the division of labor within a marriage, and what constitutes the roles of husbands, wives, and spouses generally are subject to change and are most often negotiated by the partners within the marriage, rather than firmly dictated by tradition. Updated by Nicki Lisa Cole, Ph.D.

English reaserch paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

English reaserch paper - Essay Example et of rules, norms or processes by which individuals live since childhood and tolerating or understanding those having differing views of it is a challenging task. B. The advent of technology and the simultaneous evolution of globalization have blurred national and international boundaries thereby further stressing on the significance and need for encouraging cultural acceptance. As nations of the world, join hands for commercial exchange of goods and services, understanding cultural diversity has gained supreme significance. C. On the basis of the above arguments it can be established that there exists widespread cultural diversity across the globe and in the wake of globalization and rapidly blurring geographical boundaries, there is an urgent need to eliminate and reduce the cultural differences. This can only be done through encouraging cultural acceptance as it has great potential in eliminating the racial conflicts that tends to tarnish human development and create obstacles in the fight against environmental degradation. For instance, the fight against terrorism – a popular political agenda of the U.S. government which seeks to defend the nation from prospective terrorist attacks, is a glaring example of both – apparent cultural differences which has given rise to such animosity between faiths, and the investment of huge resources and manpower in arms and ammunition rather than investing the same in more culturally relevant issues such as global warming. D. Cultural acceptance may lead to better socio-economic relations among nations, protection of environment, development of a culturally diverse yet united world, establishment of world peace, greater racial tolerance, healthier trade relations, cultural globalization etc among others. â€Å"In these troubled times with the world in search of its bearings and way ward minds using the terms â€Å"culture† and â€Å"civilization† in an attempt to turn human beings against one another, there is an urgent

Direct　Marketing　Sales　and　Promotion Essay

Direct　Marketing　Sales　and　Promotion - Essay Example mpanies are at a dilemma as to how to increase their brand equity, operating within a business environment where most companies are focused on brand building and thus, strong brands are not necessarily a competitive advantage anymore. With the increased advertising clutter and shifting market demographics with highly fragmented consumer needs, the traditional dominance of mass media in todays, promotional strategy is declining. This essay aims to analyse the growth of Direct Marketing in today’s communicational mix and to identify both desired and unintended effects of direct marketing activities. The essay will further focus on the challenges in designing and deploying effective direct marketing campaigns, which are creative and exciting enough to compete with the overall advertising clutter competing for consumer attention. When considering the communication mix options available for marketers today, the highly developed communication industry coupled with the wide spread use of Internet has provided new means of interactive marketing such as web sites, online stores, and a host of other innovative and informative means such as CD Rom catalogues and Video screens in supermarkets, altering the traditional mix of promotional tools drastically. These wide choices have not only increased the reach of the communication mix but also reduced the cost per reach significantly. The biggest advantage of these new modes of communicational tools lies in being able to be highly focused and directed to the desired segment of consumers. Within these changes in promotional strategies, a notable development is the increased importance placed on direct marketing. Environmental forces such as political, economic, social and technological factors driving such growth of Direct Marketing is worth analysing in order to understand why direct marketing is becoming an increasingly popular mode of communicating with the consumers. More and more companies are embracing the paradigm shift

Loyalty Program of the Apple Inc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Loyalty Program of the Apple Inc - Essay Example The company that is the subject of this research is Apple Inc., an American-based company operating in various countries, headquartered in the state if California. The company specializes in the designing, developing and sale of electronics including software, personal computers, and cell phones. In addition, the company offers other services and products including Smartphones, tablets, web browsers to name but a few. As of the year 2014, Apple offered permanent jobs to over 72,000 people, and its profit for same year stood at a whopping $182 billion. Some of the competitors Apple faces include Samsung, Nokia, and Microsoft among others, all of whom offer either part of the similar services or the same as Apple. When it comes to the company’s loyalty program, Apple Inc. has been noted to have a strict one where a majority of the customers hardly qualify for it. According to Meyer-Waarden, Apple’s customers are expected to spend a considerable amount of money for them to qualify for the company’s loyalty program. Sadly, many of them do not hit the target thus keep missing the goodies the company offers. Even though the company has recently announced an adjustment to its loyalty program requirements, it is still hard for many consumers to reach the target. For instance, Apple recently announced that any school intending to have its classrooms filled with the Mac computers would indeed enjoy a discount. Such institutions will enjoy a discount of 6% to 8% when the purchases are made from the company. From the above findings, it is clear that Apple’s loyalty program is wanting, and requires improvement since there are other competitors who could capitalize on this weakness. While Apple has continued to offer still competition to other players in the industry, its loyalty program requires measures to make sure customers are retained.

Barclays Bank Total Quality Management (TQM)

Barclays Bank Total Quality Management (TQM) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Banks believe that they are in the finance industry, and not in the service industry. Thus they tend to compete in terms of financial prowess rather than service quality. People, resources, time, and systems are devoted more to managing assets and cash rather than managing customers and service. In fact most bank systems are designed to control customers rather than satisfy customers. Products and procedures are set up for the convenience of the bank rather than that of the customer. Banks usually give customer service and satisfaction very low priority. (Rene T. Domingo) The lifeblood of any business is its customers. Customers decide sales based on their perception of product and service quality. Therefore, quality determines profits, and customers alone define and determine what that quality is and should be. Introduction This study will limit itself to the assessment of operations department at Barclays Bank PLC. Information provided is strictly confidential and for the only purpose of this study. 1.0 Introducing Barclays Bank PLC ‘Our strategy is to increase the growth potential of Barclays by continuing to diversify our business by customer, product and geography. John Varley, Group Chief Executive, Barclays Group With over three hundred years of history and know-how in banking, Barclays operates in more than sixty countries and employs one hundred and thirty five thousand people. Barclays progresses, lends, invests and protects the money of over thirty million customers around the world. Barclays Bank Plc, Mauritius with its ninety years of presence in the country, has built itself a very solid reputation. As a branch of Barclays Plc (UK) operating in Mauritius, the bank caters for the domestic and international divisions of the financial sectors. As a fast growing multi-national bank with approximately one thousand two hundred employees, Barclays Bank, Mauritius offer a wide range of services for individual as well as corporate customers. Barclays Mauritius has reported outstanding results for the Year 2010 with a profit after tax increasing by 119% to reach Mur 2.38bn. This includes a one-off gain of Rs 1.33bn from the sale of the custody business to Standard Chartered Bank. As a result, income has increased by 33 % with Mur 4.8bn. The Operation Strategy 1.1 The Operation Strategy in Mauritius The operations area is the driving engine of the bank with a headcount of 450 employees split into the Consumer and Commercial Operations. These two streams will have greater and clearer focus to the business functions to which they provide support. The operations function is headed by the Chief Operating Officer assisted by managers and team leaders from each section. The Operation Function chart 1.2 Purpose of the Project Barclays Bank Plc have to maintain image, reputation, and credibility in order to do their job as custodians of other peoples money. But over the years, the complex systems and bureaucracy were set up and added in the name of control while sacrificing and neglecting customer service in the process. The management is concerned with profitability, growth and resource generation. But only a few inspectors are responsible for checking product quality. If one looks at the concept of Quality and its progress over the years carefully, it is evident that Quality has always been an important element for the success of any organization. pay much attention to the plight of their clients before, during, and after sales. The bank is considering implementing a quality system that conforms to ISO standards. Total Quality Management (TQM), which is about total customer service and continuous customer satisfaction, is applicable not only in the manufacturing industry but in the service sector as well, where the customer is just as important. In fact, customers in the service industry are more sensitive to service quality and service delivery than in manufacturing because they are always in contact with front-line service personnel. Starting a total quality management (TQM) programme will upgrade and improve professional skills of the employees and the proposed programmes will also emphasise the need of excellence in all spheres of management. For design, development and implementation of a QMS, the ISO 9000 approach is completely compatible with the total quality philosophy. ISO system is about standardizing the approach organizations everywhere take in managing and improving the processes that ultimately result in producing better quality products and services. The quality management system is often implemented all at once throughout the organization. Where phased implementation takes place, the effectiveness of the system in selected areas can be evaluated. It would be a good idea initially to evaluate areas where the chances of a positive evaluation are high, to maintain the confidence of both management and staff in the merits of implementing the quality management system. According to initial plans, the proposed training programme will have two stages. The first phase will be implemented in the Commercial operations department. In the next phase, TQM will be applied across all departments across the bank. The process for implementation of a quality management system depends on the size of the organization and complexity of the actual process. Lets have a look at these in our next chapter. Current Situation 2.1 Literature review Supplier quality management is an important aspect of TQM since materials and purchased parts are often a major source of quality problems (Zhang et al., 2000). Many authors advocate that companies must establish supply chain partnerships to motivate suppliers to provide materials needed to meet customer expectations (Harrison et al., 1996; Kumar, 1996; Lambert et al., 1996; Clifton, 2001; Jabnoun, 2000; Thakur, 2002). The quality gurus believe that supplier should be  viewed as an integral part of the organizations business operations (Ishikawa, 1985; Deming,  1986; Crosby, 1989). 2.2 Definitions of Quality Total Quality Management (TQM) is defined as a quality-centered, customer-focused, fact-based, team-driven, senior-management-led process to achieve an organizations strategic imperative through continuous process improvement. The Oxford American dictionary defines Quality as â€Å"A degree or level of excellence†. Feigenbaum, 1983, defines quality as: â€Å"Quality is defined as being about value†. According to Juran, 1989, â€Å"Quality is fitness for use†. The word total in TQM means that everyone in the organization must be involved in the continuous improvement effort, the word quality shows a concern for customer satisfaction, and the word management refers to the people and processes needed to achieve the quality. 2.3 Tools and techniques to depict current situation All departments within the Commercial Operation Functions are linked to each other with the same aim to meet business strategies. However there are no clear interactions and synergies present between them which will make all department functions effectively. The service level between each department is low as there is great competition to perform better than the other. 2.3.1 Flow Chart Figure 3 below, depicts the current situation in the Commercial Operation department. List of tasks to be performed by: 1) Operators: record all incoming and outgoing instructions Operators may liaise with external customer by face to face telephone, emails or signed fax, Nature of instructions/queries by telephone statements, transfers, debit or credit advises, swift copies, queries on cheques/interest/charges acknowledgement of instruction form client either by fax/mail/diskette for salary transfers/or original documents being submitted personally by client Nature of instructions by fax/mail new account opening, change in authorized signatories, transfers, payments of bills or import loans, salaries, request of statement/advices/swift copies, complaints/, of letters of credit/bills/import loan accounts, access to internet banking, Liaise with internal customers like the Consumer Operations department in order to respond to clients queries 2) Team leader: verifies/sample checks whether all incoming and outgoing instructions are logged properly after instructions signed by relationship managers send all instructions to be processed to concerned department Does sample checks whether operators performing jobs as required 3) Line manager: liaises with other departments to help improve quality of service/ attend queries/complaints when same are of high priority and if involves loss to the bank No wonder staffs do not pay attention to customer service since it does not affect their performance evaluation. Most banks do not have a system to handle errors or customer complaints. Few banks realizes that if they continuously cut all processing times, it becomes a WIN-WIN situation customers are happier, and the banks make more money. 2.3.2 The current work flow process is being described in below chart: Our main concern is that the quality of service has decreased to such an extent that we are not able to retain the existing customers. We have to accept that all banks are able to provide the same products but what differentiates one bank from another is its quality of service. Our ultimate goal is providing customer satisfaction. 2.3.3 Ishikawa (Fishbone) Diagram The Fishbone/cause and effect diagram is an analysis tool to display possible causes of a specific problem. Its major benefits is that it pushes you to consider all possible causes of the problem in a structured and uncomplicated manner. Using Ishikawa (Fishbone) diagram, we will be able to identify the reasons why customer service has declined and as such identify remedies. It also helps in indicating how much we know about the process. Poor technology compared To other banks Internal environment (stress, high processing time)Poor communication) Ignorance of staff External On how to make full Environment (highly Utilization of existingvolatile and risky laws and risky technologyindustry, law and legislation) Currently nobody opinion is Bureaucracy 2.4 Implementation of a Quality System There are several approaches that can be used to implement a quality system, like Juran 10 Points for Quality improvement, Crosbys 14 Steps for Quality Improvement, and many others. However for this study, we are going to implement W.E Demings 14 Points for quality improvement. W.E Deming is one of the most famous gurus in quality implementation. He is generally credited with the post-war introduction of quality concepts in Japan. According to Deming : â€Å"The consumer is the most important part of the production line. Quality should be aimed at the needs of the consumer, present and future†. According to Deming, adoption and implementation of his 14 points would be a a sign that management intends to stay in business and aims to protect investors and jobs. Below are the 14 points of W.E Deming and how their application would increase quality and customer satisfaction: 1) Create constancy of Purpose for continual improvement of product and service Management should accept this as number one priority. Resources have to be allocated for long term planning rather than short-term profits. Investment in quality and innovation will ensure existence and competitiveness of the company. Top management should motivate employees and communicate clear policies. For the purpose of this study, implementation of point one will help to remove stress and hence providing a friendly environment to work with. Commitment form top management to invest in innovation and allocate resources for long run will ensure the people (employees and external customers) that the organization is planning to remain in business for the very long run. Innovation will help the bank increase its technology or product/service quality that will help it gain competitive edge over its competitors. This will also help to decrease the gap in technology with other banks. 2) Learn and Adopt the new Philosophy. A change is necessary in the old management methods. Organisations need to understand that higher quality cost less. However change cannot happen overnight. There should be a constant movement towards the new philosophy. First we have to analyse the existing system (as described in figure 2 chart 1 above) and the damaged caused by the current system should be appreciated by everybody (cause and effect diagram). Managers have to admit that they should be more present in day to day business, rather than just delegation work on the operation side. The organization should concentrate on defect prevention rather than defect detection. One dissatisfied customer is equivalent to a lost customer. Defect prevention will help improve process, quality and productivity as each instruction/document returned causes a delay and decrease quality. Top management should make each and every staff aware the benefits the organisation expects to realize through quality management system. The above flowchart (chart 1) can also be called a value chain, and if everybody in the value chain looks for defects, the flow towards the documents/instructions processing will be smooth, quick and the end result will surely meet or even exceed customers needs. 3) Understand the purpose of inspection. Management should understand that the purpose of inspection is to improve the process and reduce cost. Mass inspection is managing for failure whereas defect prevention is managing foe success. Defect prevention decreases long run costs, results in high quality products and minimizes the need for after sales service. For this statistical evidence is required. Team leader should take note about the number of failures with respect to any documents and the reasons why. With proper recognition by staff about building quality in the service or product, the number of failures should decrease and this will also lead to a decrease in number of controls and procedures over time. Use of checklist as a tool of quality control will help management to observe the common defects and how many times they occurred. By checking this on a weekly basis, management would know whether they are decreasing and what is the biggest problem. Checklist Defect type Number of defects Total Day 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Fraudulent instructions 0, 0, 0 ,0,0 0 Instructions not processed 5, 6, 7, 8, 4 30 Instructions received early but process late 4 , 3, 2, 2, 1 12 Unattended complaints 10, 5, 6, 7, 9 37 Unattended queries 9, 4, 7, 9, 8 37 E.g. Management needs to make staff understand that controls are not punitive measures, but to minimize risk that pose a threat to business. 4) Stop awarding business based on low price alone. Purchasing managers should look at quality form suppliers before making any purchase. There are huge savings that can occur over the long run by purchasing quality products. As Walter Shewhart says: â€Å" Price has no meaning unless a measure of quality is purchased at the same time†. Deming advice is to choose a single supplier for each item on the basis of statistical evidence from the suppliers process feedback loop. This point refers to the technological problem in our study. The appropriate technology that matches the organisation context should have been build in-house rather than sub-contracting or buying the package from outside. This would have helped to meet the needs of the employees better and hence providing and producing quality products. Also building the technology in-house would have required employees from all department collaboration and hence almost each and every staff would have been aware of the technologies and staff would have a sense of belonging to the organization. 5) Improve constantly and forever the system of production and service. Management should take more responsibility for problems by finding and correcting them in order to decrease costs and increase quality and productivity. The focus is again on prevention rather than detection. The process of quality improvement should never stop and it should always be geared towards customers absolute satisfaction. Note that there is always variability around every target and this is why there is always a room for further improvement. Constant improvement will lead to a reduction in customers complaints. Improving quality of service will lead to increase in communication and employees opinions taken into consideration. 6) Institute training on the job. A continuous program of on the job training should be instituted and this should include managers. Investment in proper training of all new employees will ensure that the new comers will know exactly what is expecting from them. Training will help detect variation, use of statistical techniques and helps to keep up with new developments. For our purpose, training will help employees to equip with a better understanding of the job and its requirements. The worker is not just getting satisfaction but also getting an incentive to improve. Proper training will help managers address complaints themselves, help in defining roles and responsibilities and help in the integration between old workers and the new generation. 7) Adopt and institute modern methods of leadership. Management should not create a negative and fault finding environment. They should create a positive and supportive environment where workers job are recognized. For this there should be clear communications at all level. Management should ensure that immediate action is taken whenever defects are identified which compromises quality. Modern leaders should ensure that quality, productivity and performance are continually improved. Difference between old and new school of thoughts should be taken as an advantage. According to Deming, todays leaders should: Lead and motivate by example rather than fear, Teach and counsel rather than judge and supervise. Use mistakes to learn rather than to blame Understand the difference between random and special variation. Management should differentiate between variations due to outside factors (special causes) and random variation (causes are due to the process itself). Size Size Statistical Controlh Out of statistical control Promote team work and mutual trust Provide innovative methods to accomplish the improvement. 8) Drive out fear and create trust and a climate for innovation Management should encourage effective communication and teamwork. Fear is caused by lack of job security, performance appraisals, ignorance of organization goals, and not knowing the job. Fear can be eliminated through proper communication, clear definition of goals and objectives, training and supervision. Once fear eliminated, innovative ideas will crop up. Deming believes that fear makes the implementation of most of his other management points impossible. Elimination fear in the department, will lead to a less stressful environment, positive attitude towards work, opinions being voiced out, decrease the clash between old and new school of thoughts and hence leading to better quality service. Performance appraisal leads to competition, competition leads to jealousy and jealousy leads to fear. Removal of performance appraisal will lead to cooperation. 9) Break down barriers between departments and individuals. Barriers exist among levels of management, among departments and within department. It exists because of poor communication and ignorance of organizational goals. Eliminating barriers, communication channels opened and teamwork organized, competition within the company has to be replaced with cooperation. Note that point (8) and point (9) are allied and go hand in hand. By breaking down barriers, employees from different departments can meet and interact to find quality solutions. 10) Eliminate the use of slogans, Posters and exhortations for the workforce. Exhortations that ask for increased productivity without providing specific improvement methods can handicap an organization. They just express managements desires. According to Deming, people should be given the means to work smarter, not harder. This is quite common in large organizations like Barclays Bank Plc. Due to its large number of employees, management goals are communicated through emails and this is interpreted differently at different levels of the organisation. A more face to face interaction is required so that management policies are understood, friendly environment is created, proper channel of communication developed and employees have a sense of belonging to the organization goals. 11) Eliminate numerical quotas for the work force. Quotas focus on quantity rather than quality. Quotas should be replaced with statistical methods of process control. Instead of management by objective, management should learn the capabilities of the process and how to improve them. Management should stop focussing on figures and start looking at customer satisfaction. Relevant statistical data should be analysed in line with current procedures and system. We have to take into consideration that Mauritius is a small country and it is quite impossible to look for new business every year. The only way to increase sales in through competition among banks. This leads to clients advantage. Same products are offered in all banks but the only difference is the quality of service. Only by improving process and service quality will the bank remain in business for the long run. 12) Remove barriers that rob people of pride of workmanship. Ignorance of organisational goals, punitive supervision and adequate training leads to loss of pride. According to Deming, the two serious mental obstacles which prevent pride in workmanship are performance appraisal and management by objective. These two obstacle leads to internal competition and hence barriers in communication, reduces risk taking and hence decrease in innovative ideas, variability in performance leading to jealousy and fear and focuses on short term results which may prevent the organization from attaining its long term goals. Deming strongly recommends the abolition of annual merit rating because of above reasons. Performance appraisal can be replaced bay a proper leadership and communication and by a proper counselling and development procedure. This will lead to job security, teamwork, friendly environment and all employees will have a sense of belonging to the organization. 13) Encourage Education and self improvement for everyone. An organization requires people who are improving with education. Things change fast. Managers should be aware of this and be appropriately trained. Here we are referring to continual re-education and self-improvement for everyone which is quite similar with point (6). The common truth between both points is that without training there is no guarantee for innovation. Re-training leads to investment in the most important asset of the company its people. This leads to job security, increased motivation and less brain drain. 14) Take action to ensure top management permanent commitment to accomplish the transformation. The top management should demonstrate a commitment and a determination to implement a quality management system in the organization. Without top management commitment, no quality initiative can succeed. The top management should provide evidence of its commitment for e.g. by defining the organizations quality policy and make this known to every employee, ensuring that quality objectives are established at all levels and functions and ensuring the availability of resources required for the development. Management has to accept the primarily responsibility for the never ending improvement of the process. A cultural change is required. All employees should understand and be committed to the new philosophy. Deming advocates† Quality is made in the Board Room†¦.[however]†¦ limitations on quality are also made in the board Room†. 2.5 Obstacles to implementation According to Deming, there are 7 Deadly Diseases that management will face while implementing the above. Lets analyse the 7 diseases (the first seven ones below) as advocated by Deming and others that apply particularly to our case. 1. Lack of constancy of purpose. As long as the focus in on short term thinking, management will fail to plan adequately. This follows from his last point. Constancy will decrease cost, assist innovation, make employees feel secure, they know about the vision of the organisation. 2. Emphasis on short-term profits. This defeats constancy of purpose. Its easy to show short term profits by cutting expenses on training, maintenance and other long term plans. Short term profits is due to fear of takeovers, but if long term strategy/planning is forgone, surely in the long run the company will be more prone to takeovers. 3. Evaluation by performance, merit rating, or annual review of performance. All this should be stopped. The main reasons are because they create competition, fear, they are subjective, concentrate on short term profit. 4. Mobility of management/Job hopping This causes instability and destroys teamwork. 5. Running a company on visible figures alone. Figures can be manipulated. The only figures to be used are those that which represent properly selected statistical data. 6. Excessive medical costs. For our study, this can be related to additional benefits provided by the organisation to its staff. 7. Excessive costs of warranty, fuelled by lawyers who work for contingency fees. 8. Inability of management to use statistical techniques to improve productions. 9. Training once completed is not put into practice. 10. Inability to change the organisational culture and lack of planning. These are long term objectives and if management would like these to happen in the short term, then there will be complete chaos in the organisation. 11. Lack of continuous training and education. 12. Fear of change. For the TQM to succeed, we need to have a careful analysis of its failures/obstacles. But most importantly, management should educate all staff about the reasons for adapting TQM. TQM will not take place until all employees understand and are committed for its implementation Implementation In this chapter, we will have a look about the benefits TQM will have on the department and also how TQM will help in overcoming the obstacles mentioned in the previous chapter. Lets have a look at the direct benefits the department will achieve: Increased effectiveness in the use of the organizations resources to enhance customer satisfaction and improved reliability of its processes through shorter cycles time. This means that processes will be simpler, more reliable and the amount of defects will decrease. Tailor made services can be produced. Improved quality of products and services, leading to reduce in customer rejection of products/services because of poor quality. Results are more predictable. This will lead greater employee and customer satisfaction, hence higher sales and profits. Improved organizational performance and competitiveness. This will be a long term goal for the organization, whereby the organization will have a competitive edge over its competitors. Improve customer loyalty leading to repeat business. It is commonly acknowledged that a satisfied customer tells about four friends, but an unhappy customer tells about thirty people. Customer loyalty will help increase the organization reputation. Reduce or eliminate repetition of work. Responsibilities and accountabilities are clearly defined. This will decrease cost, increase efficiency and make staff performing value added jobs. Reduce management time spent on â€Å"putting out fires†. This is due that there are good controls and everybody is committed in producing quality services/products. This gives management time to focus on improving conditions of work of the staffs. Improve productivity by â€Å"doing it right the first time†. This will decrease cost of re-work, scrap and inspection. Preserve Existing Revenue and increase in revenue. Preserve revenue due to customer loyalty and having an account management team and increase in revenue due to quality products and services and having a sale management team. Staff will be motivated and will work towards the organization objectives. Workforce will be proactive and prevention oriented. Miscommunication between organizations will be minimized leading to cooperation. Establishment of trust and elimination of fear. By providing staff with the appropriate training, this will lead to greater responsibility, and this will inspire, motivate and encourage them to work smarter. This lead to creativity and innovation. Staff will be eager to participate, understand the importance of their role, identify their own constraints, accept ownership of their problems and free sharing of knowledge and experience. Use of statistical techniques will make more data available for analysis and hence leading to improvement. Also this will facilitate decision making (as the structure is well defined) and decisions are made in accordance with staff. Pay much attention to the plight of clients before, during, and after sales. Assesing root cause of complaints will help improve service in the future. Complaints and problems should be looked as an opportunity to enhance quality service and look at the root cause of problems. Other benefits that will accrue to the organization are: Wider customer acceptance of products and services (New customers require ISO compliance) Consumers are confident that they are dealing with an organisatiopn where fair treatment is central to the corporate culture Increased revenue and market share obtained through flexible and fast responses to market opportunities. Internationa